1) Elective Surgery` is surgery not needed to save the life of the patient, but provides benefit to the patient in many other ways.

2) Emergency Surgery` is a surgery which must be done quickly to save life, limb, or other capacity such as eyesight.

3) Exploratory Surgery is for investigating a patient's medical condition or making a diagnosis.

4) Therapeutic surgery` is for treating a patient.

5) Amputation` involves cutting off a body part; for example, a limb or digit.

6) Re-plantation` involves reattaching a severed body part.

7) 'Reconstructive Surgery` involves reconstruction of an injured, mutilated, or deformed part of the body. `Surgery` is for reshaping of certain bodily tissues including bone, cartilage, muscle, fat, and skin that have been previously damaged by trauma or are congenitally abnormal.

8) `Cosmetic Surgery`, a common type of elective surgery that is done to improve the appearance of the patient.

9) `Excision and Incision` is the cutting out of an organ or other body part from the patient. Minimally invasive surgery involves smaller outer incision(s) to insert some sort of endoscope, which is tube-like equipment, to perform surgery.

10) `Transplant surgery is the replacement of an organ or body part by insertion of another from different human (or animal) into the patient.

11) `Laser Surgery involves use of a `Laser` for cutting tissue instead of a `Scalpel` or similar surgical instruments.

12) `Micro surgery` is fine surgery with the aid of a microscope for the surgeon to see well. In modern surgery in this day and age a sophisticated Robotic Surgery machine has been introduced lately where the surgeon could use robotic hands sitting miles and miles apart from actual surgery operation and can operate a patient with a piece of cake with the help of `GPS` (Global Positioning System) from one room to another which doesn’t really exist in the same room or even a hospital premises.